Which of the following is NOT a pillar of procedural justice?

• A. Voice and representation
• B. Transparency and openness
• C. Impartiality and unbiased decision-making
• D. Expediency

Answer: (D)

Procedural justice is about how decisions are made and experienced, focusing on fair and legitimate processes. The pillars are about giving people a real chance to be heard (voice or representation), making sure decisions come from neutral and unbiased authorities (impartiality), and ensuring the process is open and understandable (transparency). Expediting the process addresses speed, not fairness, and can even compromise fairness if it rushes important steps. So expediency isn’t a pillar of procedural justice, making it the best choice.